NEET Biology Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

SYNOPSIS

• Animal husbandry is the agricultural practice of breeding and raising livestock.
• Dairying is the management of animals for milk and its products for human consumption.
• Dairy Farm Management
  
• Poultry is the class of domesticated fowl (birds) used for food or eggs.

• Inbreeding: It refers to the mating of more closely related individuals within the same breed for 4-6 generations.

• Outbreeding: It is the breeding of unrelated animals, which may be between individuals of the same breed (but having no common ancestors), or between different breeds (cross- breeding) or different species (inter-specific hybridisation).

• Inbreeding depression is the loss in vigour associated with inbreeding.

• Cross-breeding is the crossing of two breeds of the same species.

• Differences between Intraspecific Hybridisation and Interspecific Hybridisation
  
  

• Artificial insemination involves the collection of semen from a high-quality bull and its introduction into the body of the female by artificial means.
  

• Multiple ovulation embryo transfer technology (MOET)
  
  

• Apiculture is the maintenance of hives of honeybees for the production of honey.

• Fishery is an industry devoted to the catching, processing or selling of fish, shellfish or other aquatic animals.

• Plant breeding is the purposeful manipulation of plant species in order to create desired plant types that are better suited for cultivation, give better yields and are resistant to diseases.

• Steps Involved in Plant Breeding
  
  

• Selection is the differential reproduction of individuals in a population.

• Biofortification means to breed crops with higher levels of vitamins and minerals or higher proteins and healthier fats.

• Single cell protein (SCP) is a microbial biomass rich in high-quality protein.

• Plant tissue culture is the maintenance and growth of plant cells.

• Explant is the plant part excised from its original location and used for initiating culture.

• The capacity to generate a whole plant from any cell/explant is called totipotency.

• The method of producing thousands of plants through tissue culture is called micropropagation.

• A hybrid produced by the fusion of somatic cells of two different varieties or species is called a somatic hybridisation.